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我国首个全息数字电网建成******
1月5日，我国首个全息数字电网在江苏建成。通过采集输变电设施的物理数据，技术人员在网络云端构建了一个数字孪生电网，全面提升了电网的智慧运检水平。这也是世界上首次对亿千瓦级负荷大电网进行全息数字化呈现。
据悉，这张虚拟电网覆盖了10万公里架空输电线路、28万座输电杆塔以及地形地貌地物等数据，将真实电网在数字空间以数字孪生的方式，一比一三维立体还原和数字化全景呈现。国网江苏省电力有限公司运用三维激光点云采集、数字高程模型、高精度测绘等技术，为每一条线路、每一座杆塔、每一个部件都赋予了专属的三维坐标，定位精度达到厘米级。
实现无人巡检与智能管控
“每一座杆塔都设有20个以上无人机巡检点位，通过航迹自动规划、一键自主飞行、全程实时监控、遇险自动规避等功能，无人机可实现全自动巡检作业，全程无须人工操作。”江苏方天电力技术有限公司副总经理姜海波介绍，全息数字电网相当于给整个江苏电网装上了“千里眼”，能够引导巡检作业人员足不出户，即可实时掌握无人机的适航区域、飞行轨迹、被检设备、巡检影像等现场实际工况，完成一座铁塔的全面巡检仅6分钟，比人工操作无人机巡检耗时减少一半，效率比传统人工巡检提升4到6倍。
在国网江苏电力无人机巡检管控中心的大屏上，可见当前正在作业的无人机，其飞行轨迹、飞机状态、拍摄画面都可以在数字电网中实时展现、动态跟踪。巡检无人机还嵌入了电力北斗地图导航和前端识别模块，巡检作业结束后，图片会自动上传至管控平台，并通过人工智能算法对图像进行精准识别，可以及时发现指甲盖大小的螺帽裂纹等细小缺陷。
“依托全息数字电网，江苏电网已经实现大规模无人机巡检协同应用与智能管控，可以支持上千架无人机同时作业，全年自动巡检作业量超过52万架次，提前发现消除输电铁塔缺陷及通道隐患4.2万处，严重缺陷发现率提升3倍，每年可以节约电网运维成本约2亿元。”国网江苏省电力公司设备部副主任吴强介绍。
通过加载气象、空域等信息，数字电网还可以高度仿真和预测台风、覆冰等极端情况下的电网运行环境。在数字电网的工况模拟模块中，只要同步风速、风向、温度、导线直径等基础数据，系统就会结合历史数据，通过模型算法以三维图像形式直观展示线路状态，各类风险隐患会用不同颜色的警示图标标出，为电网细化防灾减灾、灾后恢复的预案措施提供准确依据。
数据+算力+算法打造智慧电网
当前正处于迎峰度冬的关键时期，江苏电网的最大用电负荷已超过1亿千瓦，今冬用电负荷最高或将达到1.12亿千瓦。全息数字电网的全面建成，可将电网故障的处理时间再缩短约10%。
“如果说数字电网是数字能源的现代化底座和数据‘骨架’，那么人工智能技术就是它的‘眼睛’，AI算法分析技术则是‘大脑’。”吴强说，在“数字中国”战略引导下，数字科技加速了电网信息化建设进程，“数字新基建”项目不断在电网运营管理中落地。通过“数据+算力+算法”，全息数字电网实现了虚拟电网与现实电网的深度感知交互与双向智慧控制，真正做到足不出户而现场可观、可测、可控，极大提升电网智慧运营水平。
同时，全息数字电网是我国新型电力系统建设的重要试点，将推动电力系统的加速转型升级，为我国乃至全世界通过数字技术提升系统安全运行水平贡献了新的技术方案。
据悉，目前国网江苏电力正在积极扩展全息数字电网在规划设计、基建管理等更多领域的应用，并将带动装备制造、人工智能、地图导航、5G通信、数据服务、自动驾驶、储能充电等跨越式发展。（科技日报记者 张晔）
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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