资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
全球经济增速急剧放缓******
世界银行发布最新一期《全球经济展望》报告指出,在通胀高企、利率上升、投资减少的背景下,全球经济增速正在急剧放缓,预计2023年全球增长将从6个月前预测的3%降至1.7%。
报告认为,增长急剧下滑将是一个普遍现象,95%的发达经济体、近70%的新兴市场和发展中经济体的2023年经济增长预测都较此前预测数据有所下调。在目前的经济形势下,任何新的不利因素都可能将全球经济推入衰退。如果出现这种情况,那将是80多年来首次在同一个10年期内连续发生两次全球衰退。
“随着全球经济前景恶化,各项危机也在加剧。”世界银行行长戴维·马尔帕斯认为,全球资本被那些政府债务水平极高且利率不断上升的发达经济体所吸纳。在这种情况下,新兴市场和发展中经济体受制于债务压力,可能在未来多年内增长乏力。同时,教育、卫生、减贫和基础设施等领域的发展成果已经遭到逆转,而经济增长和商业投资的疲软将会进一步加剧这一趋势,并使各国更难以应对与气候变化有关的各种需求。
报告预计,2023年发达经济体的经济增长速度将从2022年的2.5%降至0.5%。根据过去20年的经验,这种大幅下滑往往是全球衰退的先兆。
根据报告,预计2023年美国经济增速将降至0.5%,比之前的预测低1.9个百分点,这将是自1970年以来除官方认定的衰退期以外美国经济表现最差的一年。预计2023年欧元区经济零增长,比之前预测下调了1.9个百分点。预计2023年中国经济将增长4.3%,较之前的预测低0.9个百分点。除中国以外的新兴市场和发展中经济体的增长率预计将从2022年的3.8%降至2023年的2.7%,主要原因是外部需求大幅下滑。
报告预计,未来两年新兴市场和发展中经济体人均收入平均每年增长2.8%,这比2010年至2019年的平均水平低了整整1个百分点。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区,预计2023年至2024年人均收入年均增长率仅为1.2%,这可能导致贫困率有所上升。报告显示,到2024年底,新兴市场和发展中经济体的GDP水平将比新冠疫情前的预期水平低6%左右。尽管全球通胀将有所回落,但仍会高于疫情暴发前的水平。
这份报告首次对新兴市场和发展中经济体的中期投资增长前景进行了全面评估。在2022年至2024年期间,这些经济体的总投资年均增长预计约为3.5%,不到此前20年普遍增幅的一半。针对这一情况,报告专门为政策制定者提供了加快投资增长的一系列建议。
“投资低迷是一个值得关注的严重问题,因为它可能导致生产率难以提高、贸易表现疲软,从而削弱整体经济前景。没有强劲和持续的投资增长,就不可能实现广泛的发展。”世界银行预测局局长阿伊汗·高斯说,“各国促进投资增长的具体政策需要适应各自国情,但无论如何都要从建立健全财政货币政策框架以及开展全面的投资环境改革着手。”
报告显示,东亚与太平洋地区经济继2021年强劲反弹后,2022年增速明显放缓,预计全年增幅为3.2%,较之前的预测低1.2个百分点。2023年东亚与太平洋地区的经济增长率将稳步上升至4.3%。2022年,本地区通胀水平有所上升。尽管如此,与世界上其他地区相比,东亚与太平洋地区的价格压力普遍较小,重要原因之一是潜在增长率相对较高、复苏进程较慢导致本地区仍然存在负产出缺口。
报告还指出,目前影响东亚与太平洋地区经济发展的主要下行风险仍然存在,包括疫情可能再次扰乱经济、全球金融政策收紧幅度超出预期、全球经济增长放缓以及与气候变化相关的破坏性天气事件频繁发生等。如果乌克兰危机旷日持久、地缘政治不确定性继续加剧,则可能进一步损害全球商业信心和消费者信心,导致本地区出口增长放缓幅度超出预期。柬埔寨、马来西亚、蒙古国和越南等尤为依赖出口的经济体特别容易受到出口需求下滑的影响,本地区与气候变化相关的破坏性天气事件也正变得日益频繁。(周明阳)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)